1960年11月，中共中央在对报告的批复中决定，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和公安部合署办公，并由公安部统一领导，注8法院检察院都成了公安的下属单位

对以往的历史，必须将其彻底的打碎和抛弃，借以显示与旧时代断裂的决心。从过程上看，1953年成立宪法起草委员会，参考了1918年苏俄宪法、1936年苏联宪法、1946年法国宪法等，经过反复修改，形成宪法草案，1954年6月公布在全民中讨论，收集到意见稿110多万条，参与程度之高可见一斑。

而有了绝对的权力，只消一句话就可以整个扫除这些弊病和制度。因此，宪法的产生与对公民权利的保护密不可分，公民权利当然也就成为宪法必不可少的内容。正是这种对乡镇事务的积极参与的生活，人们每时每刻都感觉到自己与乡镇休戚相关，每日每天都在通过履行一项义务或行使一项权利中度过。但是，宪法规定的权利必须在得到公民的行使时才有意义，否则，仅仅是白纸上的黑字，仅仅是一种无生命的宣示。进一步来说，宪法对公民权利的保障，其目的不在于用文本宪法的形式对权利进行简单的罗列，关键是必须有相应的条件促使公民在实际生活中有效地行使这些权利。

……社会主义和资本主义两种相反的生产关系，在一个国家里面互不干扰地平行发展，是不可能的，中国不变成社会主义国家，就要变成资本主义国家，要它不变，就是要使事物停止不动，这是绝对不可能的。中共中央对此发表了"八项主张"，其中明确提出"废除伪法统"。委员会同时在其他报告中表达了对于法律中某些问题的观点。

虽然相比较而言，关于《隐私权法》的争议较少，但是涉及到该法律的判例和其他资源并不在少数。大部分委员会召开的听证会档案也会出版并发布。《隐私权法》适用于联邦政府行政机关所保存的个人信息。具体来讲，通常包括信息公开供个人使用的个人，社会公益组织，和其他非营利组织。

《隐私权法》对于公民个人纪录增加了很多独立的要求。《信息自由法》已确定了什么档案可以公开，什么档案需要保密。

如果公开该信息会影响到政府之后获取类似信息的能力，该信息也属于例外而免于向公众公开。申请必须包含用于证明新信息或额外信息有效性的证据。这些指导原则是对于该法律的相关章节进行解释的非常有用的资料。《隐私权法》适用于对于联邦档案的匹配，而并不适用于州或者地方政府机关。

申请者的司法复议的结果不尽相同。一些机关的《信息自由法》办公室人手并不充裕。1996年的修正案授权给各个机关颁布自己的规则在机关中建立多个申请处理渠道的系统，并且明确各个机关必须对于各个申请渠道进行尽职调查。指南还要解释申请人有权向法院起诉政府部门拒绝公开的决定。

这样，国防部会知道用哪一些档案系统最可能有所申请的信息。另外，若上诉被驳回申请人有权将在该政府文档中加入一直以来对申请修改的信息的异议。

第三类特殊例外，适用于特工组织给美国总统和其他个人提供保护的档案系统。各部门依申请公开的指南应包括本部门所有信息的目录与介绍，以及从本部门获取各类信息的程序。

最重要的权利包括档案审查权和档案修改权。申请者可以就各种不利的决定提出复议，包括因为申请者对于申请公开的档案描述不清楚而被拒绝的决定。在此，本人对于以上驳回决定提起上诉。《信息自由法》下的特殊需求一般分为两类情形。六．《信息自由法》A．《信息自由法》的适用范畴《信息自由法》适用于所有联邦政府行政机关的文件。税务档案将由国内税收局保留，社会保障档案将由社保部门保留，护照档案将由国务院保留，等等。

根据《信息自由法》，有时将会对档案检索或者审查档案收取费用[27]。与《信息自由法》一样，《隐私权法》还为权力受到损害的个人提供民事诉讼补救。

(III)只要可行，机关就应尽快处理本机关依据本分款的规定批准的可加速处理的文件申请，拒绝或未及时答复加速文件申请人的，将依据本法令（a）分节第（4）款条款受到司法审查，司法审查的判决应依据机关的文件而作出。我有权调取我所申请的档案，具体缘由如下：（请提供会让受理官员偏向于你的有利信息 或者翻译为 请提供对于受理官员做出有利上诉判决具有考量性的各种资料信息）此上诉同时基于《信息自由法》。

如果申请者可以附上其电话号码将会更有帮助。——詹姆斯·麦德逊[1] （James Madison美国第四任总统）《信息自由法》确立了一项原则即凡是美国政府行政机关拥有的信息都应被视为是可以被民众知情的。

其次，执法对象不知道正在进行的针对其的调查。H．对于拒绝获取信息申请的行政上诉程序与《信息自由法》不同，《隐私权法》没有对于拒绝获取信息申请的行政上诉程序的条款。除非这些资料正确的出版并且可以购买。机关第五类例外所保护的利益得到公众认可，但是这类信息是《信息自由法》中最难以理解和适用的一类信息。

这包括花费在寻找同申请相关信息的时间。因为大部分档案系统不属于例外，例外同大部分申请并不相关。

调档申请回复信复印件随此文件附上。虽然这两部法律不认为检阅政府信息是公民的绝对权力，但是都赋予公民有权申请政府信息公开和有权收到政府部门对他们申请的回复。

政府机构也可附加其一直以来拒绝修改原因。诉讼时效为2年，从可以提起诉讼时起算。

1996年的《信息自由法》修正案对于回复的需求作出了一些改变。对于某些需要在联邦登记处公布但还未公布的信息内容，任何人不得以任何方式要求利用此信息内容，也不得使任何人受该信息内容的负面影响，除非此人已及时得到确切的关于使用此信息内容之条件的通知。类似的，获得退伍军人福利的个人通常可以在退伍军人事务处理部门或国防部找到档案。新闻媒体代表为了新闻的搜集和传播而提出的信息公开申请属于非商业性用途。

同时，通过在一开始的申请中提出愿意缴纳的申请费，申请者可以避免额外的通信和延迟。没有处理信息公开申请的中央政府机关。

与司法部2001年10月12日发布的指示有悖，原则上不应该以合理的法律规定(sound legal basis) 为由扣押信息。1964Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Clarifying and Protecting the Right of the Public to Information and for Other Purposes. S. Rept. 1219, 88th Congress, 2d Session. 1964.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Freedom of Information. Hearings, 98th Congress, 1st Session. 1964.1965House Committee on Government Operations. Federal Public Records Law. Hearings, 89th Congress, 2d Session. 1965.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Administrative Procedure Act. Hearings, 89th Congress, 1st Session. 1965.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Clarifying and Protecting the Right of the Public to Information, and for Other Purposes. S. Rept. 813, 89th Congress, 1st Session. 1965.1966House Committee on Government Operations. Clarifying and Protecting the Right of the Public to Information. H. Rept. 1497, 89th Congress, 2d Session. 1966.1967House Committee on the Judiciary. Codification of Public Law 89-487. H. Rept. 125, 90th Congress, 1st Session. 1967.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Amending Section 552 of Title 5,United States Code. S. Rept. 248, 90th Congress, 1st Session. 1967.1968House Committee on Government Operations. Freedom of InformationAct (Compilation and Analysis of Departmental Regulations Implementing5 U.S.C. 552). Committee print, 90th Congress, 2d Session. 1968.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The Freedom of Information Act(Ten Months Review). Committee print, 90th Congress, 2d Session. 1968.1972House Committee on Government Operations. Administration of the Freedom of Information Act. H. Rept. 92-1419, 92nd Congress, 2d Session. 1972.House Committee on Government Operations. Sale or Distribution of Mailing Lists By Federal Agencies. Hearings, 92nd Congress, 2d Session.1972.House Committee on Government Operations. U.S. Government Information Policies and Practices--Administration and Operation of the Freedom of Information Act. (Parts 4-6). Hearings, 92nd Congress, 2d Session. 1972.House Committee on Government Operations. U.S. Government Information Policies and Practices--Security Classification Problems Involving Subsection (b)(1) of the Freedom of Information Act. (Part 7). Hearings, 92nd Congress, 2d Session. 1972.1973House Committee on Government Operations. Availability of Information to Congress. Hearings, 93rd Congress, 1st Session. 1973.House Committee on Government Operations. Executive Classification of Information--Security Classification Problems Involving Exemption (b)(1) of the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552). H. Rept. 93-221, 93rd Congress, 1st Session. 1973.House Committee on Government Operations. The Freedom of Information Act. Hearings, 93rd Congress, 1st Session. 1973.Senate Committee on Government Operations and Committee on the Judiciary. Executive Privilege, Secrecy in Government, Freedom of Information. Hearings, 93rd Congress, 1st Session. 1973.1974House Committee on Government Operations. Amending Section 552 ofTitle 5, United States Code, Known as the Freedom of Information Act.H. Rept. 93-876, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.House Committee on Government Operations. Amending the Freedom of Information Act to Require that Information Be Made Available to Congress. H. Rept. 93-990, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.House Committee on Government Operations. Security Classification Reform. Hearings, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.House of Representatives. Message from the President of the UnitedStates. Vetoing H.R. 12471, Amend Freedom of Information Act. H. Doc.93-383. 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.House/Senate Committee of Conference. Freedom of Information ActAmendments. H. Rept. 93-1380 or S. Rept. 93-1200, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Amending the Freedom of Information Act. S. Rept. 93-854, 93rd Congress, 2d Session. 1974.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Freedom of Information Act Source Book: Legislative Materials, Cases, Articles. S. Doc. 93-82, 93rd Congress. 2d Session. 1974.1975House Committee on Government Operations and Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Freedom of Information Act and Amendments of 1974 (Public Law 93-502). Source Book: Legislative History, Texts, and Other Documents. Joint committee print, 94th Congress, 1st Session. 1975.1977House Committee on Government Operations. Business Record Exemption of the Freedom of Information Act. Hearings, 95th Congress, 1st Session. 1977.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Freedom of Information Act. Hearings, 95th Congress, 1st Session. 1977.1978House Committee on Government Operations. FBI Compliance with the Freedom of Information Act. Hearing, 95th Congress, 2d Session. 1978.House Committee on Government Operations. Freedom of Information Act Requests for Business Data and Reverse-FOIA Lawsuits. H. Rept. 95-1382, 95th Congress, 2d Session. 1978.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The Erosion of Law Enforcement Intelligence and Its Impact on the Public Security. Committee print,95th Congress, 2d Session. 1978.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The Erosion of Law EnforcementIntelligence and Its Impact on the Public Security. Hearings, 95th Congress, 1st and 2d Sessions. 1977-1978.1979House Committee on Government Operations. Security ClassificationExemption to the Freedom of Information Act. Hearing, 95th Congress, 1st Session. 1979.1980House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Impact of theFreedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act on Intelligence Activities. Hearing, 96th Congress, 1st Session. 1980.Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Oversight of the Administration of the Federal Freedom of Information Act. Hearings, 96th Congress, 2d Session. 1980.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Agency Implementation of the 1974 Amendments to the Freedom of Information Act. Committee print, 95th Congress, 2d Session. 1980.1981House Committee on Government Operations. Freedom of Information Act Oversight. Hearings, 97th Congress, 1st Session. 1981.House Committee on Government Operations. The Freedom of Information Act: Central Intelligence Agency Exemptions. Hearings, 96th Congress, 2d Session. 1981.House Committee on Government Operations. The Freedom of Information Act: Federal Law Enforcement Implementation. Hearing, 96th Congress, 1st Session. 1981.1982Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Freedom of Information Act. Hearings, 97th Congress, 1st Session. 1982.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The Freedom of Information Reform Act. S. Rept. 97-690, 97th Congress, 2d Session. 1982.1983am, p;am, p;nb, sp; Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Freedom of Information Reform Act. S. Rept. 98-221, 98th Congress, 1st Session. 1983.1984Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Freedom of Information Reform Act. Hearings, 98th Congress, 1st Session. 1984.1985House Committee on Government Operations. The Freedom of Information Reform Act. Hearings, 98th Congress, 2d Session. 1985., , , ,Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Amendments to the Freedom ofInformation Act. Hearing, 98th Congress, 2d Session. 1985.1986House Committee on Government Operations. Freedom of InformationAct Amendments of 1986. Hearing, 99th Congress, 2d Session. 1986.House Committee on Government Operations. Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1986. H. Rept. 99-832, 99th Congress, 2d Session. 1986.1988House Committee on Government Operations. FOIA: Alternate Dispute Resolution Proposals. Hearings, 100th Congress, 1st Session. 1988.1989Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The Freedom of Information Act. Hearing, 100th Congress, 2d Session. 1989.1990House Committee on Government Operations. Federal Information Dissemination Policies and Practices. Hearings, 101st Congress, 1st Session. 1990.House Committee on Government Operations. Paperwork Reduction and Federal Information Resources Management Act of 1990. H. Rept. 101-927, 101st Congress, 2d Session. 1990.1991House Committee on Government Operations, Creative Ways of Using and Disseminating Federal Information. Hearings, 102d Congress, 1st and 2d Sessions. 1991, 1992.1992House Committee on Government Operations. Assassination MaterialsDisclosure Act of 1992. H. Rept. 102-624 Part 1, 102d Congress, 2d Session. 1992.House Committee on the Judiciary. Assassination Materials Disclosure Act of 1992. Hearing, 102d Congress, 2d Session. 1992.House Committee on the Judiciary. Assassination Materials Disclosure Act of 1992. H. Rept. 102-624 Part 2, 102d Congress, 2d Session. 1992.Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. The Assassination Materials Disclosure Act of 1992. Hearing, 102d Congress, 2d Session.1992.Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Assassination Materials Disclosure Act of 1992. S. Rept. 102-328, 102d Congress, 2d Session. 1992.1993House Committee on Government Operations. Assassination MaterialsDisclosure Act of 1992. Hearings, 103d Congress, 2d Session. 1993.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The Electronic Freedom of Information Improvement Act. Hearing, 103d Congress, 2d Session. 1993.1994House Committee on Government Operations. The Effectiveness of Public Law 102-526, The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992. Hearing, 103d Congress, 1st Session. 1994.Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Electronic Freedom of Information Improvement Act of 1994. S. Rept. 103-365, 103d Congress, 2d Session. 1994.1996Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Electronic Freedom of Information Improvement Act of 1995. S. Rept. 104-272, 104th Congress, 2d Session. 1996.House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Electronic Freedom of Information Amendments of 1996. H. Rept. 104-795, 104th Congress, 2d Session. 1996.1998House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Implementation of the Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996: Is Access to Government Information Improving? Hearing, 105th Congress, 2d Session. 1998.1999House Committee on Government Reform. H.R. 88, Regarding Research Data Available Under the Freedom of Information Act. Hearing, 106th Congress, 1st Session. 1999.2000House Committee on Government Reform. Agency Response to the Electronic Freedom of Information Act. Hearing, 106th Congress, 2d Session. 2000.2005Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Openness in Government and Freedom of Information: Examining the OPEN Government Act of 2005. Hearing, 109th Congress, 1st Session. 2005.House Committee on Government Reform. Information Policy in the 21st Century--A Review of FOIA. Hearing, 109th Congress, 1st Session. 2005.附录3. 国会有关《1974年隐私权法》出版物之书目（Appendix 3. Bibliography of Congressional Publications on the Privacy Act of 1974）国会听证记录、报告、文件、印刷品（CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS, REPORTS, DOCUMENTS, AND PRINTS）按出版先后次序排列(LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY BY PUBLICATION DATE)注意：大多数出版物已经绝版。

个人起诉政府机构，可在其居住地或档案所在地的联邦地区法院，或者哥伦比亚特区提起诉讼。同时，申请人最好在申请中向该机关明确表述所需要的信息。